The golden ratio, also defined in mathematics by the Greek letter φ (Phi), denotes the perfect proportion ratio of two parts (1:1.618...), which is endlessly repeated in nature, science and art and at the same time is perceived as particularly harmonious. The uniqueness and beauty of this proportion, which determines nature and has served as an aesthetic guide in art and architecture for 2500 years, can be observed in an infinite number of examples, for example in the human body, seed patterns of plants, shells, or even in the pyramids of Giza and works of old masters.
Today, plastic and aesthetic surgery is also oriented to the proportion ratio of the golden section, as this ratio is perceived as particularly attractive. The closer body and facial proportions correspond to the formula of the golden section, the more harmonious the overall impression of the person is perceived.
If you divide a square according to the golden ratio, the number φ (Phi = 1.618...), you get a series of nested rectangles. Thereby, each side length in the rectangle results from the total length of the two following rectangles. If the vertices of these squares are connected in a curved line, the points of these turns create a logarithmic spiral - the "Golden Spiral". The ratio of the radii of the circle sectors corresponds to the Fibonacci sequence, named after Italian mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci (1170 - 1240). The shell of the nautilus snail, hurricanes, fern leaves and galaxies are just a few examples of the Golden Spiral in nature.
The Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) created a wonderful system of measurements for the golden section using the example of human proportions in his drawing "The Vitruvian Man". The human touches the surrounding square with his fingertips, while the soles touch the surrounding circle. The human figure is not only aligned to the golden measure on the basis of the square and the circle - the proportions of the individual body parts also correspond to the golden ratio.